Ofimática en la nube

Instalar Nextcloud 24 en Ubuntu 20.04

Verificar los requerimientos de Nextcloud e instalar los paquetes de Nginx/Apache, PHP y MariaDB requeridos.

Para tener disponibles todas las versiones de PHP se recomienda instalar el repositorio ppa:ondrej/php. Gracias Ondřej Surý.

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

Actualizar los índices

apt update

Instalamos algunos paquetes necesarios

apt install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https

Agregamos los paquetes de software necesarios para el núcleo de Nextcloud

apt install mariadb-server nginx libapache2-mod-php8.3 php8.3-{apcu,common,curl,fpm, gd,json,xml,mbstring,mysql,xml,zip,intl,bz2,ldap,bcmath}

Editamos la configuración de PHP.

nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini

Cambiamos la configuración predeterminada por la siguiente, y nos cercioramos de ajustar el límite_memoria de acuerdo a la capaciad máxima disponible y la zona.horaria.fecha con la ubicación/zona horaria de nuestro servidor.

date.timezone = America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires
memory_limit = 512M
upload_max_filesize = 500M
post_max_size = 600M
max_execution_time = 300
file_uploads = On
allow_url_fopen = On
display_errors = Off
output_buffering = Off

Guardamos el archivo y reiniciamos nginx

systemctl restart nginx

Creamos la base de datos para Nextcloud

mariadb -u root -p

Los siguientes comandoas crearán la nueva base de datos basenc, un usuario nextcloud@localhost, con la contraseña secr3Ta. Puedes ajustar los detalles de la base de datos con tu información.

CREATE DATABASE basenc;
CREATE USER nextcloud@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'secr3Ta';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON basenc.* to nextcloud@localhost;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Ahora que hemos configurado PHP y MariaDB, descargamos Nextcloud y configumos el directorio raíz de documentos para su instalación.

cd /var/www
sudo wget --no-check-certificate https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.tar.bz2
sudo tar -xf latest.tar.bz2
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data nextcloud
sudo chmod -R 750 nextcloud
sudo systemctl restart nginx

A continuación configuramos el servidor web editando el archivo /etc/nginx/conf.d/nxtcld.conf

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/var/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default ", immutable";
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name nxtcld.edu.ar;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/nxtcld.edu.ar.log;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/nxtcld.edu.ar.log;

    root /var/www/nextcloud;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/wasm application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    server_tokens off;

    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    include mime.types;
    types {
        text/javascript mjs;
    }

    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|ico|jpg|png|webp|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Cache-Control                     "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable";
        add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    location ~ \.(otf|woff2?)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }

Reiniciamos nginx

systemctl restart nginx

Nos conectamos a Nextcloud y completamos la configuración básica en a http://nxtcd.edu.ar

Ingresamos los datos de la cuenta de administrador y de la base de datos que definimos para finalizar la configuración.